Salish Sea Model News
Model of heatwave ‘blob’ shows unexpected effects in the Salish Sea, Encyclopedia of Puget Sound, February 27, 2022
Rescue tug stationed in islands is best bet to avoid oil spills in San Juan – Gulf waters, study says, SalishCurrent, March 12, 2021
PSI Launches Salish Sea Modeling Center, PSI Blog, June 29, 2020
Tracking Toxics in the Salish Sea, PNNL Web Feature, March 13, 2020
PNNL’s 2019 Science and Technology Highlights Make a Mark: Here are 8 Key Ones, PNNL Director’s Column, December 23, 2019
From climate mysteries to dead zones, an evolving computer model tackles Puget Sound’s eco-riddles, Geekwire, November 3, 2019
Study tests resilience of the Salish Sea to climate change impacts, Phys.org, August 15, 2019
Modeling the Future of a Sea, PNNL Web Feature, August 14, 2019
Journal Publications
Premathilake, L., Khangaonkar, T. (2022). Explicit quantification of residence and flushing times in the Salish Sea using a sub-basin scale shoreline resolving model, Estuarine, Coastal and Shelf Science. Vol 276,108022,ISSN 0272-7714, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ecss.2022.108022
Nugraha, A., Khangaonkar, T., Michalsen, D., & Brown, S. (2022). Numerical feasibility study for dredging and maintenance alternatives in Everett Harbor and Snohomish River. Regional Studies in Marine Science, 102695.https://doi.org/10.1016/j.rsma.2022.102695
Khangaonkar, T., A. Nugraha, S. Yun, L. Premathilake, J. E. Keister, and J. Bos. (2021). Propagation of the 2014–2016 northeast pacific marine heatwave through the Salish Sea. Frontiers in Marine Science, Coastal Ocean Processes. Front. Mar. Sci. 8:787604. https://doi.org/10.3389/fmars.2021.787604 .
Khangaonkar, TK, L Premathilake, A Nugraha, J Keister, A Borde. (2021) Projections of algae, eelgrass, and zooplankton ecological interactions in the inner Salish Sea – for future climate, and altered oceanic states. Ecological Modelling, 441(2021): 109420. doi: 10.1016/j.ecolmodel.2020.109420
Premathilake L, T Khangaonkar. 2019. FVCOM-plume – A three-dimensional Lagrangian outfall plume dilution and transport model for dynamic tidal environments: Model development. Marine Pollution Bulletin, 149: 110554. doi: 10.1016/j.marpolbul.2019.110554
Khangaonkar T, A Nugraha, W Xu, and K Balaguru. 2019. Salish Sea Response to Global Climate Change, Sea Level Rise, and Future Nutrient Loads. JGR Oceans, 124(6): 3876-3904. doi: 10.1029/2018JC014670
Khangaonkar T, A Nugraha, and T Wang. 2019. Hydrodynamic Zone of Influence Due to a Floating Structure in a Fjordal Estuary—Hood Canal Bridge Impact Assessment. Journal of Marine Science and Engineering, 6(4): 119-140. doi: 10.3390/jmse6040119
Nugraha A and T Khangaonkar. 2019. Detailed Hydrodynamic Feasibility Assessment for Leque Island and Zis a Ba Restoration Projects. Journal of Marine Science and Engineering, 6(4): 140-162. doi: 10.3390/jmse6040140
Khangaonkar T, A Nugraha, W Xu, W Long, L Bianucci, A Ahmed, T Mohamedali, and G Pelletier. 2018. Analysis of Hypoxia and Sensitivity to Nutrient Pollution in Salish Sea. Journal of Geophysical Research – Oceans, 123(7): 4735-4761. doi: 10.1029/2017JC013650
Bianucci L, W Long, T Khangaonkar, G Pelletier, A Ahmed, T. Mohamedali, M Roberts, C. Figueroa-Kaminsky. (2018). Sensitivity of the regional ocean acidification and the carbonate system in Puget Sound to ocean and freshwater inputs. Elementa Science of the Anthropocene, 6(1): 22. doi: 10.1525/elementa.151
Khangaonkar T, A Nugraha, S Hinton, D Michalsen D, S Brown. 2017b. Sediment Transport into the Swinomish Navigation Channel, Puget Sound—Habitat Restoration versus Navigation Maintenance Needs. Journal of Marine Science and Engineering, 5(2): 1-22 doi: 10.3390/jmse5020019
Khangaonkar T, W Long, and W Xu. 2017a. Assessment of circulation and inter-basin transport in the Salish Sea including Johnstone Strait and Discovery Islands pathways. Ocean Modelling, 109: 11-32. doi: 10.1016/j.ocemod.2016.11.004
Khangaonkar T, W Long, B Sackmann, T Mohamedali, and A Hamlet. 2016. Sensitivity of Circulation in the Skagit River Estuary to Sea Level Rise and Future Flows. Northwest Science, 90(1): 94-118. doi: 10.3955/046.090.0108
Wang T, T Khangaonkar, W Long, and G Gill. 2014. Development of a Kelp-Type Structure Module in a Coastal Ocean Model to Assess the Hydrodynamic Impact of Seawater Uranium Extraction Technology. Journal of Marine Science and Engineering, 2(1): 81-92. doi: 10.3390/jmse2010081
Khangaonkar T and T Wang. 2013. Potential alteration of fjordal circulation due to a large floating structure—Numerical investigation with application to Hood Canal basin in Puget Sound. Applied Ocean Research, 39: 146-157. doi: 10.1016/j.apor.2012.11.003
Khangaonkar T, B Sackmann, W Long, T Mohamedali, and M Roberts. 2012. Simulation of annual biogeochemical cycles of nutrient balance, phytoplankton bloom(s), and DO in Puget Sound using an unstructured grid model. Ocean Dynamics, 62(9): 1353-1379. doi: 10.1007/s10236-012-0562-4
Kim T and T Khangaonkar. 2012. An Offline Unstructured Biogeochemical Model (UBM) for Complex Estuarine and Coastal Environments. Environmental Modelling & Software, 31: 47-63. doi: 10.1016/j.envsoft.2011.11.010
Khangaonkar T, Z Yang, T Kim, and M Roberts. 2011. Tidally Averaged Circulation in Puget Sound Sub-basins: Comparison of Historical Data, Analytical Model, and Numerical Model. Journal of Estuarine Coastal and Shelf Science, 93(4): 305-319. doi: 10.1016/j.ecss.2011.04.016
Khangaonkar T and Z Yang. 2011. A High Resolution Hydrodynamic Model of Puget Sound to Support Nearshore Restoration Feasibility Analysis and Design. Ecological Restoration, 29(1-2): 173-184. doi: 10.3368/er.29.1-2.173
Yang Z and T Khangaonkar. 2010. Multi-scale Modeling of Puget Sound Using an Unstructured-grid Coastal Ocean Model: from Tide flats to Estuaries and Coastal Waters. Ocean Dynamics, 60(6): 1621-1637. doi: 10.1007/s10236-010-0348-5
Technical Reports
Khangaonkar T, L Premathilake. 2022. Quality Assurance Project Plan for -Development of Visual Plumes Model Update (PLUMES 2.0). Prepared by SSMC for US EPA.
Khangaonkar T, W Xu, A Nugraha, and K Balaguru. 2018. Simulation of Response to Climate Change and Sea Level Rise Scenarios. PNNL-27276, prepared for Prepared for Climate Preparedness and Resilience Program by Pacific Northwest National Laboratory, Seattle, WA.
Pelletier G, L Bianucci, W Long, T Khangaonkar, T Mohamedali, A Ahmed, and C Figueroa-Kaminsky. 2017a. Salish Sea Model Sediment Diagenesis Module. Washington State Department of Ecology. Publication No. 17-03-010, Olympia, WA.
Pelletier G, L Bianucci, W Long, T Khangaonkar, T Mohamedali, A Ahmed, and C Figueroa-Kaminsky. 2017b. Salish Sea Model Ocean Acidification Module and the Response to Regional Anthropogenic Nutrient Sources. Washington State Department of Ecology. Publication No. 17-03-009, Olympia, WA.
Long W, T Khangaonkar, M Roberts, and G Pelletier. 2014. Approach for Simulating Acidification and the Carbon Cycle in the Salish Sea to Distinguish Regional Source Impacts. Publication No. 14-03-002. Washington State Department of Ecology, Olympia, WA.
Roberts M, T Mohamedali, B Sackmann, T Khangaonkar, and W Long. 2014. Dissolved Oxygen Model Scenarios for Puget Sound and the Straits: Impacts of Current and Future Nitrogen Sources and Climate Change through 2070. Publication No. 14-03-007, Washington State Department of Ecology, Olympia, WA.
Khangaonkar T, W Long, B Sackmann, T Mohamedali, and M Roberts. 2012. Puget Sound Dissolved Oxygen Modeling Study: Development of an Intermediate Scale Water Quality Model. PNNL-20384 Rev 1, prepared for the Washington State Department of Ecology (Publication No. 12-03-049), by Pacific Northwest National Laboratory, Seattle, WA.
Mohamedali T, M Roberts, B Sackmann, and A Kolosseus. 2011. Puget Sound Dissolved Oxygen Model Nutrient Load Summary for 1999-2008. Publication No. 11-03-057, Washington State Department of Ecology, Olympia, WA.
Yang Z, T Khangaonkar, RG Labiosa, and T Kim. 2010. Puget Sound Dissolved Oxygen Modeling Study: Development of an Intermediate-Scale Hydrodynamic Model. PNNL-18484, Pacific Northwest National Laboratory, Seattle, WA.
Khangaonkar T and T Kim. 2009. Model Selection Recommendations for DO Model of Puget Sound. Technical Memorandum prepared for the Washington State Department of Ecology, PNNL, Seattle, WA.
Roberts M, J Bos, and S Albertson. 2008. South Puget Sound Dissolved Oxygen Study. Interim Data Report, Publication No. 08-03-037, Washington State Department of Ecology, Olympia, WA.
Yang Z and T Khangaonkar. 2007. Development of a Hydrodynamic Model of Puget Sound and Northwest Straits. PNNL-17161, Pacific Northwest National Laboratory, Seattle, WA.